The Turmoil event will run from November 10th through the 20th and adds all sorts of mobs and treasure chests to areas. Players who make new characters and reach certain level thresholds will be treated to special rewards such as special effects and armor.
Mayhem will follow, operating from November 24th through December 4th and cranking up the difficulty and craziness all across the game. The same reward scheme as Turmoil for players racing up the levels.
Source: Path of Exile